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What is the Tetris killscreen?

The article from vg247 explains that the Tetris "killscreen" is a term used to describe a level in the game at which an error occurs, causing the game to crash. It specifically refers to level 157 in the NES version of Tetris^[1]. According to the article, reaching this level was thought to be unreachable for decades^[1] until a skilled 13-year-old Tetris player named Blue Scuti achieved it. The author mentions that Blue Scuti became the first player in recorded history to reach level 157^[1] and trigger the crash. The killscreen is considered a landmark achievement in Tetris. The article also mentions that there is speculation about the next milestone in Tetris, such as reaching level 255, the game's true final stage^[1].

[1]

vg247.com

The Essentials of Fruit Bottling: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction to Fruit Bottling

Bottling fruits is an excellent method to preserve seasonal produce for year-round enjoyment. This guide provides detailed instructions on choosing jars, preparing fruits, processing methods, and more, ensuring that your bottling experience is both successful and enjoyable.

Choosing the Right Jars

Selecting proper jars is crucial in the bottling process. Always choose jars designed specifically for preserving. Ensure that lids are in good condition and that they fit tightly. If the lid is not sealed properly, fruits can spoil. According to the guide, 'before buying preserving jars, make sure that they are the right shape and size, as well as free from chips and cracks'^[1].

Preparing the Fruit

Preparing the fruit correctly is vital for successful bottling. Fruits should be harvested at their peak ripeness. For instance, soft fruits should be handled with care to prevent bruising and must be processed right after picking. When preparing, it’s critical to wash the fruits thoroughly and cut them into suitable sizes. 'Fruit for bottling should be fully ripe, except gooseberries which are better when picked green'^[1].

Processing Methods

There are several methods for processing bottled fruits, including the Water Bath Method, Oven Method, and more. In the Water Bath Method, jars are processed in hot water to ensure effective sealing. 'To use this method, you need a pan deep enough to allow the jars to be completely covered with water'^[1]. The Oven Method can also be effective, especially for certain types of fruits, with specific guidelines to follow to ensure safety and efficacy.

Water Bath Method Explained

The Water Bath Method involves tightly packing the fruits in jars and placing them into boiling water. It is essential to ensure that the water is at a rolling boil and that the jars are not touching each other to allow for proper heat circulation. 'Stand the jars in the pan so that they do not touch one another or the sides of the pan'^[1]. After processing, jars must be sealed properly to maintain preservation.

Oven Method Details

The Oven Method is another approach wherein jars are heated without external liquid. Especially useful for dry-pack fruits, this method requires careful attention to avoid overheating. 'Wash and drain the jars, then fill them tightly and place them in a preheated oven'^[1]. This method engages thermal processing to ensure the fruits are sufficiently preserved.

Sealing and Storing Bottled Fruits

Once processing is complete, it's crucial to ensure that the jars are sealed correctly. Leaving jars to cool on a countertop allows the seals to form correctly. Proper storage is also important: 'The filled jars should be stored in a cool, dark place'^[1]. Labeling jars with the date of bottling is recommended for tracking freshness.

Conclusion and Best Practices

Bottling fruits is a rewarding process that requires attention to detail and proper techniques. By following the guidelines laid out in this guide, you can successfully preserve a variety of fruits, capturing their flavor and nutrition for future enjoyment. Always remember that practice leads to mastery, so continue refining your bottling techniques.

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Quote: On perseverance in engineering

Here Smeaton's 'Narrative' must be the text-book, and energy and perseverance the pratique.
Mr. Clerk^[1]

This taste for science carried him buoyantly over these hardships and perils.
Unknown^[1]

This, in the estimation of the writer, was a matter of no small importance to the future success of the work.
Unknown^[1]

From that moment saw the practicability and propriety of fitting up the beacon, not only as a place of refuge, but as a residence
Unknown^[1]

Those whom ye deplore are walking with me in white.
Unknown^[1]

What is Binchotan Charcoal?

Introduction to Binchotan Charcoal

title: 'Binchotan Charcoal' and caption: 'a hand holding a black object'

Binchotan charcoal, often referred to as Japanese white charcoal, is celebrated for its exceptional grilling properties and versatility in enhancing the flavor of various dishes. Originating from the Wakayama prefecture in Japan, particularly associated with the Kishu region, binchotan is crafted from ubame oak, which is known for its dense structure and high carbon content. Unlike standard charcoal, binchotan is characterized by its long-lasting burn, minimal smoke, and odorless qualities, making it a favorite among chefs and culinary experts worldwide.

Production Process

The production of binchotan involves a meticulous and labor-intensive process. First, the ubame oak wood is carefully gathered from challenging terrains and then placed in a traditional earthen kiln. The wood is heated for approximately seven to ten days at controlled temperatures. Initially, the kiln's temperature is maintained around 240°C (464°F) to remove moisture, followed by a significant increase to over 1,000°C (1,832°F) for carbonization. This process strips the wood of impurities and results in a charcoal product that is over 95% pure carbon^[1]^[2]^[10].

Once carbonized, the charcoal is smothered with a mixture of ash, earth, and sand to extinguish any remaining fire, a step crucial to its unique whitish-gray appearance. This production technique is not only labor-intensive but also requires significant craftsmanship, contributing to the higher price point of binchotan compared to conventional charcoal options^[5]^[4].

Characteristics and Benefits

High Carbon Content

One of the defining characteristics of binchotan is its high carbon purity, often reaching up to 96% in some types like Kishu binchotan^[7]. This makes it a cleaner-burning option that produces minimal smoke and no unpleasant odors, allowing the natural flavors of grilled foods to shine through. Chefs claim that binchotan allows for a more authentic taste, especially when cooking traditional Japanese dishes such as yakitori (grilled chicken skewers) and unagi (grilled eel)^[7]^[9].

Remarkable Burning Properties

Binchotan is renowned for its impressive burn duration of three to five hours, during which it can maintain high temperatures ranging from 500°C to about 1,800°F^[7]^[11]. This ability to generate sustained, even heat makes it ideal for high-precision cooking, enhancing the Maillard reaction and improving searing on meats and seafood. Furthermore, its capacious nature allows it to be extinguished and reused several times without significant loss of performance, making it economical for repeated use in grilling sessions^[5]^[9].

Versatility Beyond Grilling

In addition to its culinary uses, binchotan charcoal possesses numerous practical applications. It is known for its effectiveness as an odor absorber, commonly utilized in homes and refrigerators to keep spaces fresh^[8]. Moreover, its porous structure allows it to purify water by binding to chemicals, making drinking water cleaner^[5]^[8]. There are even culinary experiments that involve using powdered binchotan in food preparations to enhance flavors or improve health benefits, showcasing its versatility^[8]^[10]^[12].

Sustainability Concerns

title: 'Binchotan Charcoal: How it's Made and Why it's Awesome' and caption: 'a black sticks on a wooden surface'

The rising demand for binchotan charcoal has raised concerns regarding the sustainability of ubame oak forests. Overharvesting threatens the longevity of these resources, prompting some producers to adopt more sustainable practices to ensure the continued availability of this premium grilling material^[7]. It is essential for consumers to seek out reputable suppliers who engage in responsible harvesting methods.

Conclusion

title: 'Is Binchotan the Best Charcoal in the World?' and caption: 'skewers of meat and vegetables on a grill'

Binchotan charcoal stands out as an artisanal, high-quality charcoal appreciated for its unparalleled grilling performance and flavor-enhancing capabilities. Whether used for traditional Japanese cooking or modern culinary experiments, it brings unique benefits not found in typical charcoal products. As consumers increasingly value quality and sustainability, binchotan remains a top choice for enthusiasts, chefs, and home cooks who seek exceptional results in their grilling endeavors^[6]^[13].

knifewear.com [10] wami-japan.com [11]

wildwoodovens.com [12]

binchotan.website [13]

jealousdevil.com

Which U.S. company first crossed $3T market cap?

title: 'Global GDP – Last 1,000+ Years, per Maddison Project'

The document states that Apple's market capitalization was $3.2T in May 2025^[1].

What to pack for a beach vacation?

[1]

beach.com [2]

theatlasheart.com [3]

afar.com [4]

smartertravel.com [5]

upgradedpoints.com [6]

divergenttravelers.com [7]

thevacationer.com

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What adaptations help animals survive in the Arctic?

Adaptations of Arctic Animals

title: 'Arctic animals & their adaptations' and caption: 'a collage of polar bears and an owl'

Arctic animals have developed a range of adaptations to survive in the extreme cold of their habitat. One key adaptation is the growth of 'winter coats' which consist of layers of fat, underfur or down feathers, and water-repellent guard hairs or feathers. These natural barriers trap body heat and provide insulation, allowing animals like polar bears to keep warm in subzero temperatures^[2].

In addition to thick fur, many Arctic animals have behavioral adaptations that help them thrive in the harsh conditions. For example, diving for food is a common practice among Arctic animals like seals, whales, and Arctic birds. These animals have evolved to survive in the dark waters and freezing temperatures of the Arctic environment^[5].

Specifically, animals like polar bears have unique adaptations like the evolution from grizzly bears, two layers of insulating fur, and strong swimming abilities. Similarly, caribou utilize antlers for feeding rights and muskoxen have a layering system of qiviut and guard hairs for insulation, fat reserves for heat generation, and reinforced skulls with horns for protection^[3].

title: 'Animal Adaptations Oxen' and caption: 'a group of musk ox in the snow'

Arctic animals also possess features like small ears, tails, webbed feet for swimming efficiency, and camouflage to blend with the snowy environment. These adaptations are crucial for animals like polar bears, Arctic foxes, and beluga whales to thrive in the Arctic region^[4].

Moreover, genetic differences related to nitric oxide production play a role in energy metabolism and heat production, enabling animals like polar bears to generate heat instead of energy to stay warm in cold environments. This adaptation is essential for survival in the extreme Arctic conditions^[10].

Arctic animals have developed thick layers of blubber, dense fur, and specialized body features like wide hoofs, small ears, and compact bodies to minimize heat loss. Additionally, adaptations like hibernation, migration, and social structures help Arctic animals cope with the extreme conditions^[1].

Blubber is a crucial adaptation that provides insulation and warmth for Arctic animals. It helps them stay warm by providing a layer of fat that retains heat. Additionally, huddling together and other behaviors contribute to the survival of Arctic animals in subzero temperatures^[8].

Arctic foxes, for example, have several adaptations like a thick fur coat, long tails that act as blankets, fur on their feet for snow protection, and white coats for camouflage. These adaptations help them navigate the harsh Arctic conditions effectively^[13].

title: 'arctic fox' and caption: 'a white fox standing in the snow'

Arctic animals like walruses possess large tusks for various tasks, while Arctic cod have antifreeze proteins to prevent ice crystal formation in their blood. These adaptations help them survive in the harsh Arctic environment^[11].

title: 'Animal Adaptations Walrus' and caption: 'a walrus lying on snow'

In conclusion, Arctic animals have evolved a variety of physical, behavioral, and physiological adaptations to thrive in the extreme cold of the Arctic region. These adaptations, ranging from thick fur and blubber to specialized body features and genetic differences, enable animals to survive and thrive in one of the most challenging environments on Earth.

[1]

natureroamer.com [2]

scientificamerican.com [3]

weberarctic.com [4]

roambliss.com [5]

nationalgeographic.org [6]

projectexploration.org [7]

allthatsinteresting.com [8]

sciencekiddo.com [9]

nationalgeographic.com [10] sciencedaily.com [11]

ocean.org [12]

nationalgeographic.com [13]

nationalgeographic.com

An Account of the Bell Rock Light-House: Key Points and Insights

Early Scottish Maritime History and the Need for Light-Houses

The Scots, recognized for their strong maritime spirit among European nations, were geographically positioned to become adept seafarers^[1]. Their trade routes to Hanseatic Towns and other European commercial centers were longer than those of their English counterparts, requiring them to navigate treacherous waters and exposing them to dangers such as enemy ships and inclement weather^[1]. Scotland's frequent conflicts with northern powers further necessitated a strong navy to safeguard its commerce^[1]. Alliances with foreign entities and the annexation of the Orkney and Shetland Islands also expanded Scotland's foreign trade and solidified its coastal dominion^[1].

However, it was the unification of the crowns and kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland that unleashed the full maritime potential of these nations^[1]. By the mid-18th century, there was a growing understanding of the strategic importance of the Scottish Highlands, which led the government to promote fisheries, establish towns and harbors, and improve transportation networks through roads and canals^[1]. The increasing coastal commerce in Scotland, spurred by British fisheries and the manufacture of kelp for marine alkali, highlighted the need for improved navigational aids^[1]. The dangers and length of voyages around Scotland's coasts, particularly near the Orkney and Western Islands, underscored the necessity of light-houses and accurate charts^[1].

Early Efforts to Chart the Scottish Coast

Early efforts to improve navigation relied largely on rudimentary guides^[1]. The journals and charts from the 1540 voyage of James V, who with twelve ships sailed around a large portion of Scotland, served as a crucial, and perhaps primary, navigational tool for centuries^[1]. Later, around 1740, Rev. Alex Bryce created a geometrical survey of the northwest coast of Scotland at the request of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh^[1]. Further advancment was made in 1750 with Murdoch Mackenzie's charts of the Orkney Islands, which were later extended to the Western Highlands and Islands under government commission^[1]. Despite these improvements, large shipping vessels continued to avoid the narrower passages, preferring the more hazardous but better-known routes along the open sea^[1]. The construction of light-houses was therefore viewed as critical to guiding ships safely along these routes^[1].

The Establishment of the Northern Light-House Board

The demands of shipmasters and owners were heard, and in 1786, Mr. DEMPSTER of Dunnichen brought the idea of a Light-house Board to the Convention of Royal Boroughs of Scotland^[1]. This resulted in the passage of an act establishing the board and authorizing the construction of four light-houses in northern Scotland: at Kinnaird Head, on the Orkney Islands, on the Harris Isles, and at the Mull of Kintyre^[1]. The act also introduced a levy on ships to fund these projects^[1].

The initial commissioners included prominent officials such as His Majesty's Advocate and Solicitor-General for Scotland, the Lord Provosts and First Bailies of Edinburgh and Glasgow, the Provosts of Aberdeen, Inverness, and Campbeltown, and the Sheriffs of various northern counties^[1]. Thomas Smith was nominated Engineer to the Board^[1].

Sir James Hunter-Blair, the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, convened the first meeting of the board where he stressed the importance of the new act and how imperative it was to gather as much advice from experienced engineers as possible^[1].

Early Light-House Construction and Financial Challenges

Initial efforts focused on corresponding with landowners to acquire sites for the light-houses^[1]. By December 1787, a light-house was erected on Kinnaird Castle^[1]. The construction of the Mull of Kintyre Light-house proved more challenging due to its remote location, and the light was not exhibited until October of the following year^[1]. The early progress of the Northern Light-houses was impeded by limited funds, stemming from a light-house duty deemed too small^[1]. To address this, Parliament passed an act in 1788, increasing the duty and enabling the Commissioners to borrow additional funds for their operations^[1]. By 1789, light-houses were also erected and lit at Island Glass in Harris and on North Ronaldsay in Orkney^[1].

Later Light-House Constructions and Financial Management

ThePladda light-house was completed in 1790, equipped with a distinguishing feature in 1791, showing two distinct lights^[1]. The increasing demands for additional light-houses and better management of the existing ones led to the appointment of annual inspections and supply vessels^[1]. In 1794, work began on the Pentland Skerry Light-houses, with the author commencing his service for the Board^[1].

An act passed in 1798 incorporated the Commissioners into a body politic, allowing them to hold stock and invest surplus funds^[1]. By 1806, the Inchkeith Light-house became operational, marking a new era in the Board's construction, with the buildings becoming more permanent and substantial^[1]. Notably, the account highlights the benefits of the Board's management, stating, "...that the progress of the Light-house works proceeded, without experiencing any interruption from want of funds"^[1].

The Bell Rock Light-House

Several petitions were made to the commission to provide some sort of aid near the Bell Rock due to the immense danger and volume of ship traffic in the area^[1]. Due to limited funds as of 1803, the erection of a light-house on the Bell Rock was not feasible, and the further consideration was delayed^[1].

The construction of the Bell Rock Light-house between 1807 and 1810 marked a significant endeavor^[1]. Despite problems with supply delay the effort, the light was exhibited February 1, 1811^[1]. The name, situation, and dimensions of the rock, the designs for the light-house, the act passed by the Lord Advocate Erskine, and the report of the House of Commons committee were important steps in the process^[1]. Special problems called for both a floating light and masonry construction on the rock itself^[1].