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The experiment revealed that the improvements in emotional state were not uniform across all participants. In the case of Facebook, the data indicated that users over the age of 35 experienced larger enhancements in their emotional state than did younger users (aged 18-34). Specifically, the subgroup analysis showed statistically significant differences between these age groups (p = 0.046), suggesting that older users may gain more benefit from reducing social media engagement. Additionally, findings indicated marginally larger effects for undecided voters and for individuals without a college degree, with p-values of 0.053 and 0.058 respectively. Importantly, these subgroup differences persisted even after the analysis controlled for baseline emotional state and baseline usage patterns, implying that the variations appear to be inherent to the subgroup characteristics rather than driven by initial conditions^[1].

The results differed between Facebook and Instagram. For Instagram, a standout finding was that the largest improvement in emotional well-being was observed among young female users, specifically women aged 18-24. This subgroup experienced an improvement of 0.111 standard deviations with a p-value of 0.002. In contrast, the effects among other Instagram user subgroups were less than half as large and statistically indistinguishable from zero. Such a pattern underlines that while overall deactivation of Instagram did improve emotional state, it did so most notably for young women. This observation is consistent with broader public concerns about Instagram’s impact on this particular demographic and reinforces the idea that the mental health effects of social media may be mediated by the distinct nature of content and interactions on each platform^[1].

The heterogeneity in the findings is critical for understanding the complex role social media plays in mental health. For Facebook, older users’ larger gains could be reflective of different usage habits or the type of interactions they have on the platform, which may be more conducive to stress or negative comparisons. Even though baseline usage and initial emotional state did not significantly alter the treatment effects, the results point to the possibility that user characteristics like age and educational attainment play a decisive role in how social media affects mental health. For Instagram, the pronounced benefit seen among young women suggests that the platform’s visual and social dynamics might contribute to adverse mental health outcomes for this group when used intensively. Thus, reducing exposure for these users through deactivation seems to yield a substantial improvement in emotional state. Additionally, even though higher political engagement showed somewhat larger point estimates for both platforms, these differences did not reach statistical significance, indicating that the deactivation effects are primarily driven by factors other than exposure to political content during election periods^[1].

In conclusion, the subgroup results demonstrate that while social media deactivation generally leads to improved emotional states, the benefits vary significantly across different demographic and behavioral groups. Older Facebook users exhibit notably larger improvements, while young women on Instagram gain the most from deactivation. These findings are important for informing mental health interventions and public policy, as they suggest that personalized approaches may be more effective when addressing the adverse mental health impacts associated with social media. The results underscore the need to consider demographic and usage patterns when evaluating the overall well-being effects of social media platforms^[1].

In addition to site prominence, the kind of light must be carefully selected. The text underscores that revolving lights, which are inherently more powerful than fixed lights, are particularly suitable for outpost positions along the coast. Conversely, it advises that identical lights should not be placed too closely together; ideally, lights that share the same character and appearance should not be located within 100 miles of each other to avoid confusion among mariners^[1]. Moreover, the text cautions against the indiscriminate use of colored media, suggesting that such distinctions in color should only be applied when absolutely necessary, as overuse may compromise the distinctiveness of each light.

Another vital aspect is the elevation of the light, which directly affects its range of visibility. Guidelines mentioned in the source recommend that the elevation for sea-lights should not exceed 200 feet, with about 150 feet being sufficient to meet most navigational needs. It is noted that while lights placed on high headlands are exposed to frequent fog, which can reduce effectiveness, placing them too low might not provide the required visibility. The balance, therefore, involves weighing the risk of fog against the advantage provided by an increased range of light, with the final decision being made based on careful local assessments^[1].

The purpose of coastal lighthouses extends beyond simply providing a navigational aid; they also help in distinguishing one location from another along a coastline. The text emphasizes that for vessels traversing open seas, the placement of lights is instrumental in aiding navigation. For instance, lights meant to guard against hazards like reefs or shoals should be sited as far seaward as possible in order to provide early warning to seamen. In narrow seas, where the range of visibility is naturally limited, fixed lights (or sometimes less powerful ones) may be adequate and may be placed closer together than is advisable on open coasts^[1].

Economic factors also play a significant role in guiding lighthouse placement. The text advises that concerns over initial construction costs should not compromise the selection of the ideal site. Instead, if funds are insufficient, it is better to delay building the lighthouse until an adequate sum can be raised to secure the best possible location. This approach highlights a long-term view in economic planning, ensuring that safety and efficient navigation take precedence over immediate cost savings. Furthermore, from an operational point of view, fewer lighthouses are considered preferable to prevent confusion for mariners, as every additional light may reduce the distinctiveness needed for effective guidance along the coast^[1].

The arrangement of lighthouses must also consider their role in guiding ships not only along open coasts but also into harbors. The report explains that the best position for a sea-light should not be compromised for the sake of a nearby port's short-term benefit. In many cases, a seaward light will serve as a beacon while supplementary lights can be added to lead vessels into the entrance of a port if needed. This strategy ensures that the requirements of both open-sea navigation and local harbor guidance are met efficiently, without overlapping functions that might lead to operational confusion^[1].

Additional factors outlined in the text include the following considerations: (a) The physical characteristics of the coast itself can influence the efficiency of a lighthouse; for example, coastal configurations that are subject to extreme weather may require alternative designs even if they are prominent. (b) Distinctions based on the timing of flashes, or the differences between light and dark intervals, are less reliable because they are easily affected by atmospheric changes. Thus, lighthouses should be distinguished primarily by their characteristic appearances rather than by minute timing intervals. (c) In applications such as narrow seas, reduced distances between lighthouses may be acceptable as the range of the lights is inherently shorter. Finally, floating lights are discouraged due to the inherent risk of drifting and inconsistent performance^[1].